In may cases chromatographic processes can be simply described, wrapped in a neat package, and tied up with a pretty bow. This in not the case though with column overload.
One example of column overload is shown in Figure 1 for two different types of compounds. Generally, we think of reversed-phase HPLC retention as non-polar solute molecules interacting with a non-polar stationary phase. A simple view of overload goes like this: When all the active places on the surface where the solute molecules can “sit down” are “busy” with other solute molecules, the extra solute molecules must stay in the mobile phase and continue downstream until active sites are available.
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